HIV Transmission and Risk Factors

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, is the final stage of an infection by the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).

When the HIV virus gets into the human body, it infects certain immune system cells called T helper cells or CD4 cells.

The virus replicates itself and, over time, damages its host cells, impairing the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases.

If you have HIV, you can be diaAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, is the final stage of an infection by the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).

When the HIV virus gets into the human body, it infects certain immune system cells called T helper cells or gnosed with AIDS if your CD4 cell count is very low — fewer than 200 cells per cubic millimeter, compared with the normal count of 500 to 1,600 cells per cubic millimeter — or if you develop one or more opportunistic illnesses from your infection, such as tuberculosis, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

1. How is HIV Transmitted?

To contract HIV, certain bodily fluids infected with the virus must enter your bloodstream directly, or come into contact with damaged tissue or the mucous membranes of your rectum, vagina, opening of the penis, or mouth. Blood Semen ("cum"), pre-seminal fluid ("pre-cum"), rectal fluids, vaginal fluids and breast milk. In the United States, HIV is most commonly transmitted via anal or vaginal sex, and the sharing of contaminated needles, syringes, and other equipment for the injection of drugs, such as heroin, steroids, and hormones. Though uncommon, the virus can also be transmitted by: 1. An infected mother to her infant through pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. 2. Oral sex, especially if it involves ejaculation in the mouth. 3. Infected blood from mouth sores and bleeding gums, such as through "deep" open-mouth kissing, biting that breaks the skin, and eating food that's been pre-chewed by an HIV-positive person. 4. HIV-contaminated needles and objects that puncture the skin, especially needle-stick injuries in the healthcare setting. 5. Blood and clotting factor transfusions, and organ and tissue transplants (mostly an issue outside of the United States).